A full-stack web developer should have a mix of front-end, back-end, database, version control, and deployment skills. Here’s a structured breakdown:

1. Front-End Development (Client-Side)

These are the technologies used to build the user interface (UI) and user experience (UX).

• HTML – Structure of the webpage
• CSS – Styling (including frameworks like Bootstrap, Tailwind CSS)
• JavaScript (JS) – Interactivity and dynamic behavior
• Front-End Frameworks & Libraries
  • React.js (most popular for modern applications)
  • Vue.js or Angular (alternative choices)
  • Next.js (React-based full-stack framework)
• Responsive Design – Ensuring UI works on all screen sizes
• Basic UX/UI Principles – Understanding usability and accessibility

2. Back-End Development (Server-Side)

Handles application logic, databases, and API interactions.

• Python (commonly used in full-stack development)
  • Django (batteries-included framework)
  • Flask (lightweight micro-framework)
• Alternative Back-End Languages:
  • Node.js (JavaScript runtime for backend)
  • Ruby on Rails, PHP, Java, .NET, etc. (less common for Python developers)
• RESTful APIs & GraphQL – For communication between front-end and back-end
• Authentication & Authorization
  • JWT, OAuth, or session-based authentication
• WebSockets (for real-time apps like chat applications)

3. Database Management

Databases store and manage application data.

• SQL Databases
  • PostgreSQL (recommended for Django)
  • MySQL, SQLite
• NoSQL Databases
  • MongoDB (commonly used with Node.js)
  • Firebase (for real-time apps)
• ORM (Object-Relational Mapping)
  • Django ORM
  • SQLAlchemy (for Flask)

Know more- Full Stack Classes in Pune

4. Version Control & Collaboration

• Git & GitHub/GitLab/Bitbucket
• Branching, merging, pull requests, etc.

5. Deployment & DevOps

Deploying web applications to servers.

• Hosting Platforms
  • AWS, DigitalOcean, Linode (cloud hosting)
  • Vercel, Netlify (for front-end or full-stack apps like Next.js)
  • Heroku, Railway, Render (simplified hosting for full-stack apps)
• CI/CD (Continuous Integration & Deployment)
  • GitHub Actions, Jenkins, CircleCI
• Containerization
  • Docker (to package applications)
  • Kubernetes (for managing containers at scale)

6. Additional Skills (Optional but Useful)

• Web Security – Protecting against attacks (SQL Injection, XSS, CSRF)
• Testing
  • Unit Testing (PyTest, Jest for JavaScript)
  • Integration Testing
• Caching – Redis, Memcached
• Message Queues – RabbitMQ, Celery (for background tasks)
• Web Scraping – BeautifulSoup, Scrapy (if needed)